Secure Monitoring refers to a concept in which a
smart card is used to monitor the book-keeping of an insecure device.
The concept was originally developed for satellite-based toll systems
where a toll charger had to trust the declarations from the onboard
equipment of a vehicle.
The concept of secure monitoring is presented in "An example of a view on EETS trust and privacy in GNSS based toll systems"
Details on the use of trusted element counters for various types of tariff schemes can be found in the draft paper "Secure monitoring and the use of trusted element counters" (Paper, PDF, 160 kB)
The concept of secure monitoring was already introduced for the Dutch
'Kilometerheffen' (kilometre charging) project in 2001.
(Paper,
in Dutch, PDF, 85 kB).
Then the concept was triggered by a presentation by Wiebren de Jonge and has been further elaborated since in:
A presentation of the concept in the Stockholm Group (Presentation, PDF, 170 kB),
Security aspects of the EETS , April 5th 2007, Prepared by Expert Group 12 Working to support the European Commission on the work on Directive 2004/52/EC. (Report, PDF, 1,6 MB or via the EETS page of the European Commission)
Annex C - Compliance checking provisions of the draft of ISO TS 17575 in February 2008 (Annex C, PDF, 268 kB)
In addition, the concepts have been independently evaluated in Dutch universities which resulted in the following papers:
Wiebren de Jong and Bart Jacobs, Privacy-friendly Electronic Traffic Pricing via Commits,
published in LNCS (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)
volume 5491, 2009 by Springer.
Also available as Report,
PDF, 181 kB or via Index
Prof. dr. E.R. Verheul c.a., Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, RDW,
Privacybescherming Anders Betalen voor Mobiliteit
(Radboud University Nijmegen, RDW, Privacy protection and
Different Payment for Mobility, in Dutch), version 1.0, April 2, 2008.
(Report, PDF, 450 kB or via
Index)